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Where Do The People Fit?

February 15th, 2012Jim Stewart

A friend asked me a really great question last week.

I was talking to him about the strategy development and execution processes. And he asked……………

“What about the people, where are the people in all of this?”

So I told him about the 5P’s. Of course – being the wit that he is – he immediately thought I was talking about my weak bladder. But I put him straight.

All of the companies that I’ve worked with, which are consistently Profitable, seem to have a focus on the same 4 things. Several years ago we began referring to them as People, Planning, Process and Performance. In the diagram they overlap because they are all in  action at the same time – and they intersect because they interact with each other and form a continuous loop.

Performance

I always start with Performance which provides both clear direction for the company and the benchmark against which success is measured.

It spans having Vision, Values and Mission statements, through setting and communicating clear goals, to making sure every employee understands his/her role in achieving them. And it includes comparing actual results against the goals regularly, giving feedback and adapting where necessary.

Planning

Then I usually talk about the huge difference between Planning – which is a process – and a Plan or Plans– which are outputs.

There are very few occasions when it’s necessary to write a Business Plan, the most common one being when a company is looking for funding.

But Planning is ingrained in the culture in high performing companies. An effective Strategic Planning process will produce a strategy that will work. The Annual Business Planning process is the key to executing that strategy and turning it into results.

Process

I told my friend that we focus on 3 types of Process.

Functional processes keep each area of the company – e.g. Sales, Marketing, HR and Operations areas –operating efficiently. Control processes monitor the key performance indicators – e.g. sales pipeline, product quality and lead times – and give the owner early warning of potential problems.Financial processes produce accurate and timely reports on the financial health of the company.

People

I always save People for last.

After spending 20 some years in corporations and over 12 years working with business owners there is no doubt in my mind that People is the single most important element in success.

The essence of leadership is finding, motivating and engaging the right People and creating an environment (culture) in which they can contribute fully.

A weak strategy in the hands of the right People will trump the right strategy in the hands of weak People – every time.

And that, I told my friend, is where people fit in………….

If you enjoyed this post you’ll like 6 Ways A Business Owner Can Influence Culture

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The People Pipeline

February 9th, 2012Jim Stewart

Of all the interesting and valuable things Tony Hsieh says about managing people in his book “Delivering Happiness” for me, one concept stood out.

That was “The Pipeline”.

Hsieh makes the point that, unlike many companies, Zappos doesn’t believe that (individual) people are an asset. They think of a pipeline of people with varying levels of skill and experience as the asset.

Here’s why I really like this approach.

It Solves 3 Fundamental Problems

First, traditional thinking is that people are a company’s greatest asset. But if an employee leaves, the company has lost an asset.

The second problem (which we see all the time) occurs as a company grows, an employee who was considered valuable, or even outstanding, at an earlier stage of the company’s life begins to disappoint and become a liability. It’s usually a result of the employee not developing or upgrading his or her skills as the company grows.

The third problem occurs when the company deals with the other 2 problems by bringing in someone from outside the company.  The new person may bring the right skills and have great experience – but they don’t fit the company culture.

The “People Pipeline” Solution

  • Bring almost all new hires in via entry level positions. This offers two benefits.
    • If they aren’t a fit for any reason the company faces the least expense and disruption by making another quick change.
    • Entry level positions will likely attract people with limited experience. The new employees are more likely to be open minded about adopting the company’s processes – and culture.
  • Provide a comprehensive training program and mentors for the new hires. Then offer a series of courses, either internally or at local colleges, which cover the skills the employees will need in order to progress in the company.
  • Make the route upwards quite clear.
    • Set expectations around when employees can expect to achieve each level.
    • Make completion of certain courses a pre-requisite for promotion.
    • It helps if a company is growing at the rate Zappos did (and is doing) – that generates lots of new positions in the org. chart. However, positions further up the organization will become available as people move on (natural attrition). At this point a business owner could argue that all of the investment in that person has been lost. That’s possibly true – but every company loses some employees (e.g. they move to another city, make a change in career).
    • By investing in training and offering a career path a company may keep those who would have drifted away for much longer.
  • With the pipeline there is always someone ready to fill the shoes of the people who do leave, who have been training for the opportunity and who know the culture.

A Couple of Points to Consider

When Hsieh arrived at Zappos he was an experienced, successful business manager. And he brought one or two key management team members from his previous company – most notably his CFP – with him. So at least some members of the management team knew each other’s strengths and weaknesses and that they could work together.

On the other hand, one of the original Zappos team, Fred, joined as a buyer and rose to become a senior executive.

The pipeline can only be used when a company reaches an appropriate size. A start-up doesn’t have the resources.

If you enjoyed this post you’ll like 10 Strategy Tips from Tony Hsieh.

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3 Times When You May Need To Change Your Strategy

February 2nd, 2012Jim Stewart

We all do things that are crazy.

One of my things is telling people that they shouldn’t be changing their strategy.

I do it when business owners – or CEOs – say things like “It’s time for our annual strategy meeting”. The implication – for me at any rate – is that they change their strategy every year.

But that would be just plain wrong.

Changes to a well thought-out, well-crafted strategy shouldn’t be driven simply because it’s been in place 1, 3 or 5 years.

A strategy shouldn’t necessarily be changed even if it isn’t producing results. In this situation I always look at how well (or badly) the strategy is being executed before I look at the strategy itself.

So when should a company review its strategy? And what makes that review and any subsequent adaptation, revision or recreation necessary?

Here are three occasions.

1.    When the company has outgrown its strategy.

There’s research which suggests that companies can “plateau” when they achieve certain levels of revenue. Depending on the industry those levels are around $5 million, approx. $10 -12 million, somewhere between $18 – 30 million and so on.

Typical symptoms of “plateauing” are upward spikes in revenue which can’t be maintained, increasing lead times delivering the product or service, decreasing levels of customer satisfaction and higher employee turnover.

The plateauing occurs because the things – e.g. strategy, processes – the company has done up to that point in its life can’t support any more growth. It’s like expecting a teenager to fit into the clothes they wore when they were eight.

To rekindle growth the owner either has to change the strategy, the way it’s executed – or both.

2.    Significant internal change.

This occurs when, for example, a company develops a game changing new product or service or finds a new way of doing its existing business. This gives it an edge over its competitors by e.g. reducing costs or increasing efficiencies.

To reap maximum benefit from this new competitive advantage the owner will have to adapt or change the existing strategy.

3.    Significant external change.

In this case the owner or CEO has to react to e.g.:

  • A competitor who is taking advantage of a significant internal change.
  • The industry “maturing”. In other words the business has been around long enough for a number of competitors to have become large enough to e.g.:
    • Reduce their costs and pass this on as reductions in the selling price or,
    • Buy up smaller players who introduce game changing technology or process improvements. This is also known as industry consolidation.
  • Major changes in e.g. the economy, labour pool, legislation governing the industry, or all of the above.

Continuing with a “business as usual” approach under any of these situations is clearly not going to be effective.

To be fair, when business owners and CEOs say “It’s time for our annual strategy meeting” they usually mean that it’s time to start the annual business planning process. That is something that must be done every year.

And, since we have services which can make the annual business planning process more effective, perhaps I’m not as crazy as I look – I mean sound…….

If you enjoyed this you will also enjoy 2 Things That Cause Bad Strategy

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Strategic Music

January 26th, 2012Jim Stewart

There are many, many different kinds of music – e.g. rock, country and western just like there are many, many different sorts of companies – e.g. software companies, manufacturers etc.

And I’ll bet that everyone can think of at least one favourite tune.

So what has a favourite tune got to do with a business?
Bear with me for a moment and I’ll tell you.

Let’s go back to music first. I’ll bet my favourite tunes won’t be the same as yours. Mine might be classical (or bagpipes) yours might be heavy metal or hard rock. So they won’t sound the same.

But the funny thing is, although they don’t sound the same they will have some things in common.

Such as what you might ask?

Well, with a few exceptions, they probably feature more than one musical instrument. Perhaps there’s someone singing, in fact there may be backup singers as well.

Our favourite tunes will also have a musical score and – where required – lyrics for the vocalists.

The score is a great thing. It not only tells the musician which instrument to play – and when – it also tells them how the instrument must be played. Pretty detailed action plan wouldn’t you say.

Lyrics are also essential for anything other than a pure instrumental. They tell the vocalists – lead and backup – what to sing and how to emphasize the words.

OK so where am I going with this?

Well, I was listening to one of my favourite tunes the other day and a few things occurred to me.

Although each piece of music is different, like companies in different industries, they do have things in common.

The instruments – guitar, drums, key board – are like the different parts of a company – sales, operations, finance. They can play by themselves but when they work together the result can be amazing.

The score is like the strategy – it determines how the band/orchestra will get to the final result. It tells every instrument/musician how to work together while giving them a plan in the form of the notes and chords to be played.

In the better bands, the individual members have input to the score. Sometimes the situation allows them to improvise (you could say the plan is flexible). In some situations improvisation – and even innovation – is required. Jazz springs to mind.

But no individual instrument or musician has a role (departmental plan) that is more important than the score (business strategy). Think of an orchestra for a moment. The musicians in each section – e.g. strings, wind and percussion – see their own part in the piece. But only the conductor has the full score.

And that brings me to my last couple of points.

Every band has a leader – lead guitarist, lead singer, band major – who keeps the focus on the score or lyrics. Rather like the role of the CEO or business owner. He or she doesn’t have to know how to play all of the instruments; the specialists are there for that.

Some bands or orchestras become more popular than others. And, while individual players/musicians may come and go, some bands perform for a long time – years, decades or longer. Innovating and working with new material but maintaining superior quality of output. Why – because the culture, amongst other things, fosters that type of environment.

Finally, the public – you and I – doesn’t pay for the score. We pay for the result – the sound, the music, how it makes us feel.

And that’s an important perspective (particularly for consultants). No one pays for the strategy, they pay for the results – and how the results make them feel.

So, what kind of music are you going to make in 2012?

If you enjoyed this you will also enjoy Design Thinking and Strategy Development.

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10 Strategy Tips From……

January 19th, 2012Jim Stewart

Tony Hsieh, a man who has taken a company from a start-up and sold it for multiple millions of dollars – and who has done it twice.

You really can’t argue with those kinds of results. While doing it once may involve some luck, I think doing it twice meets the important criteria of consistency.

Hsieh spent some time between building LinkExchange and Zappos.com learning how to play poker. He realized that there were many similarities between the game and business and so he made a list of the lessons he learned from poker that can be applied to companies.

Here are the ones that deal with strategy¹ :

  1. Don’t play games you don’t understand, even if you see lots of other people making money from them.
  2. Figure out the game when the stakes aren’t high.
  3. Don’t cheat. Cheaters never win in the long run.
  4. Stick to your principles.
  5. You need to adjust your style of play throughout the night as the dynamics of the game change. Be flexible.
  6. Be patient and think long term.
  7. The players with the most stamina and focus usually win.
  8. Differentiate yourself. Do the opposite of what the rest of the table is doing.
  9. Hope is not a good plan.
  10. Don’t let yourself go “on tilt”. It’s much more cost-effective to take a break, walk around, or leave the game for the night.

I particularly like #5 for 3 reasons.

Firstly, it’s particularly relevant – therefore easy for people to accept – given the current global economic situation.

Secondly, it makes the point that the need for flexibility isn’t new – it’s been around for at least as long as poker (Wikipedia says the game was first reported in 1852) but in reality much longer.

And, finally, flexibility is only one of the 10 points – you also need the other 9, for example long term thinking and differentiating yourself, to be successful.

Hsieh goes on to talk about the second biggest business lesson he learned.

He realized that the game had started before he joined it. So the most important decision he could make was which table to sit at. In business, one of the most important strategic decisions a business owner or CEO has to make is what business to be in.

But Hsieh had a further insight. In poker, while you can always change tables, you can only choose from the tables which already exist. However in business you can define your own market – which is what, for example, Southwest Airlines, Apple’s iStore – and Zappos – did.

My son gave me a copy of the book for Christmas and I’m only mid-way through it. But if you haven’t read it, get a copy. It’s an easy read packed full of wisdom. And, yes, I may have another post or two from it.

_____________________

¹Delivering Happiness: A Path To Profits, Passion and Purpose, page 65

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